American loans to the Allies worth $7,000,000,000 between 1917 and the end of the war maintained the flow of U.S. arms and food across the Atlantic. U.S. Army recruits at Camp Pike, Arkansas, in 1918, following the United States' entry into World War I in April 1917. The American military contribution was as important as the economic one. The partition of the Ottoman Empire (30 October 1918 - 1 November 1922) was a geopolitical event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French, and Italian troops in November 1918. The partitioning was planned in several agreements made by the Allied Powers early in the course of World War I, [1 e. During World War I and World War II, Switzerland maintained armed neutrality, and was not invaded by its neighbors, in part because of its topography, much of which is mountainous. Germany was a threat and Switzerland built a powerful defense. It served as a "protecting power" for the belligerents of both sides, with a special role in Freikorps ( German: [ˈfʁaɪˌkoːɐ̯], "Free Corps " or "Volunteer Corps " [1]) were irregular German and other European military volunteer units, or paramilitary, that existed from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. They effectively fought as mercenaries or private military companies, regardless of their own nationality. It was an empty threat that if Hitler were to go east and attack the Poles then the British would enter the war on Poland's side. But there was, in real terms, very little that Britain could do to aid Poland in 1939. The fact that Britain went to war in 1939 to aid Poland, however nominally, is still something that Britain can be proud of. A total of 13 million German citizens fought in the war between 1914 and 1918. In the occupied territories, Germany and its allies also coerced civilians into labor: citizens from Italy, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania, and Russian Poland all had conscripts fighting or assisting with the Entente efforts. Albania. Eastern Front strategy, 1914. Russian Poland, the westernmost part of the Russian Empire, was a thick tongue of land enclosed to the north by East Prussia, to the west by German Poland (Poznania) and by Silesia, and to the south by Austrian Poland ( Galicia ). On one side, Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente (also known as the Allied powers or, simply, the Allies). On the other side, of new countries in Europe such as Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia in addition to the reemergence of old ones like Poland. With World War I leaving even Europe's victors badly weakened, the global With the Germans taking the lead, an extensive number of projectiles filled with deadly substances polluted the trenches of World War I. Mustard gas, introduced by the Germans in 1917, blistered The original WW1 Stahlhelm wasn't bullet-resistant to pistol rounds such as 9mm Luger and 45 ACP. After World War I Poland seized large quantities of M1918 helmets. Most were later sold to various countries, including Spain. The M1916 design had side-mounted horn-like ventilator lugs which were intended to support an additional steel Lm0i.